General CP utilities and helpers
Base conversion, range summation, counting/summing multiples, and log base.
Read and print __int128 values — a GCC extension for 128-bit signed integers not supported by standard cin/cout.
Modern competitive programming starter template with fast I/O, common aliases, and contest-ready boilerplate.
Maps sparse values to dense 0-indexed ranks for use with BIT/segment tree.
Non-negative arbitrary-precision integer with addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulo.